Grammar Translation Method
1. In a grammar-translation class, the teacher teaches the grammatical rules by using...
Answer: a. deduction
Explanation: The Grammar-Translation Method (GTM) involves deductive teaching of grammar, where the teacher presents rules explicitly, followed by examples and practice. This is opposed to inductive teaching, where rules are inferred from examples.
2. The final results of the experiment conducted by Scherer G. (1964) revealed that GTM students did better than ALM students in...
Answer: b. reading and structure
Explanation: The GTM prioritizes reading and grammatical accuracy, so students excel in these areas. However, it is less effective in developing listening and speaking skills, which are emphasized in the Audiolingual Method (ALM).
3. Grammar-Translation approach to language teaching produces students who...
Answer: b. are able to recite rules and paradigms and conduct artificial samples of the foreign language without being able to communicate effectively
Explanation: GTM focuses on theoretical knowledge of grammar and translation rather than practical language use, which results in students knowing the rules but struggling with actual communication.
4. The grammar translation method relies heavily on learning by...
Answer: c. memorization
Explanation: Memorization is a cornerstone of GTM, where students often learn vocabulary lists, grammar rules, and verb conjugations by heart, emphasizing rote learning over practical application.
5. The .......... method maintains that a fundamental purpose of learning a foreign language is to be able to read its literature.
Answer: d. Grammar translation
Explanation: One of GTM’s core objectives is to enable students to access and understand classical literature written in the target language, rather than to communicate in it.
6. Which of the following methods is more in line with Chomskyan thinking?
Answer: c. the grammar translation method
Explanation: GTM aligns with Chomskyan views on the structural nature of language. Chomsky’s theories focus on syntactic rules and the formal aspects of language, which resonate with GTM’s emphasis on grammatical structures.
7. "Applying grammar rules is helpful during writing and prepared speech. Thus grammar rules that will help in this way can be deliberately taught." This teacher advocates...
Answer: c. grammar translation method
Explanation: Deliberate teaching of grammar rules is characteristic of GTM, which emphasizes accurate written language and formal speech prepared using rules.
8. Deductive learning...
Answer: d. moves from the abstract to the concrete
Explanation: Deductive learning starts with general rules (abstract) and applies them to specific examples (concrete), which is the teaching approach used in GTM.
9. In which of the following is deductive teaching utilized?
Answer: c. the grammar-translation method
Explanation: GTM employs deductive teaching to present grammar rules explicitly before having students practice them through exercises and translations.
10. The use of difficult exercises was favored in the grammar-translation method since its advocates believed in the ........ potential of this technique.
Answer: c. mind training
Explanation: GTM was rooted in the belief of faculty psychology, which held that learning challenging material, such as difficult grammar exercises, strengthens the mind, akin to mental exercise.
11. Deductive teaching of grammar centers around...
Answer: b. first, giving the general rules and then the examples
Explanation: In deductive teaching, which is central to GTM, the teacher begins by explicitly presenting grammar rules. Students then apply these rules through specific examples and exercises. This contrasts with inductive methods, where students infer rules from examples.
12. Students acquire a profound knowledge about the language under the instructions of...
Answer: d. the Grammar Translation Method
Explanation: GTM emphasizes in-depth knowledge of grammar and vocabulary, enabling students to analyze the structure of the target language, although it often neglects practical communication skills.
13. By examining the theoretical principles of language teaching, the ........ may seem quite 'theoryless.'
Answer: d. Grammar Translation Method
Explanation: GTM is often criticized for lacking a solid theoretical foundation and for being a traditional method derived from teaching Latin and Greek, with little basis in modern language teaching theory.
14. All of the following are among the main characteristics of the Grammar-Translation Method EXCEPT...
Answer: a. teaching grammar inductively
Explanation: GTM teaches grammar deductively, presenting rules explicitly before applying them. Inductive teaching, where rules are inferred from examples, is characteristic of methods like the Direct Method.
15. Problem solving, translation, and memorization are recommended in...
Answer: a. faculty psychology
Explanation: Faculty psychology underpins GTM, asserting that the brain is like a muscle that benefits from mental exercises such as translation, problem-solving, and memorization.
16. From the 16th to 19th centuries...
Answer: c. Grammar Translation dominated foreign language teaching
Explanation: During this period, GTM was the primary method for teaching Latin and modern languages, focusing on translation and grammar rules.
17. The classical method...
Answer: a. was used to teach Latin
Explanation: The classical method, a precursor to GTM, was designed for teaching classical languages like Latin and Greek, emphasizing grammar and translation over speaking or listening.
18. As an approach to learning, faculty psychology was based on all of the following assumptions EXCEPT...
Answer: c. the faculty of learning language universals is innate
Explanation: Faculty psychology does not align with the idea of innate language faculties, a concept associated with Chomsky. Instead, it views the brain as a muscle that strengthens through memorization and mental exercise.
19. The Reform Movement did NOT criticize Grammar Translation for its...
Answer: b. negligence of accuracy in general
Explanation: While the Reform Movement criticized GTM for overemphasizing accuracy at the expense of communicative competence, they did not claim it neglected accuracy.
20. The primary purpose of ........ approach was to prepare the students to be able to study literature.
Answer: c. grammar-translation
Explanation: GTM’s main goal was to enable students to read and appreciate literature in the target language, focusing on grammar and translation.
21. The ........ method maintains that the primary purpose of learning a foreign language is to be able to read its literature.
Answer: d. grammar translation
Explanation: GTM is literature-oriented, aiming to develop students’ ability to read and understand literary texts in the target language.
22. Which one of the following is not the aim of GTM?
Answer: c. To have a good communication in four skills
Explanation: GTM does not aim to develop communicative competence in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Instead, it focuses on reading, grammar, and translation skills.
23. The primary purpose of grammar-translation method was to...
Answer: a. prepare students to be able to read literature
Explanation: The primary aim of GTM was to help students read and appreciate foreign literature by focusing on grammar and vocabulary, with less emphasis on practical language use.
24. The deductive application of explicit grammar rules is a useful pedagogical technique in...
Answer: a. grammar-translation method
Explanation: Deductive teaching is central to GTM, where explicit grammar rules are taught first, followed by application through exercises and translation.
25. The ........ Psychology claims that the more exercise the brain does, the stronger it will get.
Answer: d. Faculty
Explanation: Faculty psychology, which underpins GTM, likens the brain to a muscle that grows stronger with mental exercise, such as translation and rote memorization.
26. In revolting against the Grammar-Translation Method, the major point of emphasis was the early cultivation of the .......... skill.
Answer: a. speaking
Explanation: Critics of GTM, including advocates of the Direct Method and other reforms, emphasized the importance of developing speaking skills early, which GTM largely neglected.
27. The .......... method is a prescientific method of language teaching.
Answer: c. grammar translation
Explanation: GTM is considered a prescientific method because it predates modern linguistics and lacks theoretical grounding, relying on traditional approaches to teaching Latin and Greek.
28. One of the objectives of the Grammar Translation Method was the teaching of grammar by ...........
Answer: b. lengthy explanations of rules in L1
Explanation: In GTM, grammar is taught explicitly with detailed explanations provided in the students' native language (L1), contrasting with contextualized or inductive approaches.
29. From the beginning of the century to World War I, the dominant approach to learning was based on .......... psychology.
Answer: b. faculty
Explanation: Faculty psychology dominated this period, emphasizing mental exercise, which aligned with GTM’s focus on rote learning and translation.
30. The theory of learning in faculty psychology stemmed from the belief that ...........
Answer: a. the brain needed to be exercised like a muscle
Explanation: Faculty psychology likened the brain to a muscle that grows stronger through rigorous mental exercises such as memorization and grammar analysis, central to GTM.
31. The primary purpose of the Grammar Translation Method was to ...........
Answer: c. prepare the students to study the literature of the target language
Explanation: GTM’s primary goal was to develop students’ ability to read and understand foreign literature, rather than fostering practical language use.
32. The Grammar-Translation Method followed a .......... approach to the learning of language structures.
Answer: c. prescriptive
Explanation: GTM followed a prescriptive approach, focusing on rigid grammar rules and correct usage rather than descriptive or practical approaches to language learning.
33. One of the major defects of the .......... method is that there is little training in using the language actively to express one's own meaning, even in writing.
Answer: a. grammar-translation
Explanation: GTM is criticized for neglecting active language use and communicative skills, focusing instead on translation and rule memorization.
34. The students' role in .......... classes is, for the greater part of the time, a passive one.
Answer: b. grammar-translation
Explanation: In GTM, students primarily listen to the teacher’s explanations and complete translation and grammar exercises, making their role largely passive.
35. The Grammar-Translation approach emphasizes the view of language as .......... when students study grammar rules and paradigms.
Answer: c. product
Explanation: GTM treats language as a static system (a product) to be analyzed and learned through grammar rules and vocabulary memorization, rather than as a tool for communication.
36. According to the .......... method, foreign language learning would help students grow intellectually although they may never use the language.
Answer: d. grammar-translation
Explanation: GTM is rooted in the belief that studying a foreign language enhances intellectual development, even if students never use the language in real-life situations.
37. In the .......... method, it is strongly believed that verb conjugations and other grammatical paradigms should be committed to memory.
Answer: a. grammar-translation
Explanation: Memorization of grammatical paradigms, such as verb conjugations, is a hallmark of GTM, reflecting its focus on mental discipline and rule mastery.
38. GTM was rejected because of its failure in developing ...........
Answer: d. oral communication skills
Explanation: GTM’s emphasis on grammar and translation came at the expense of developing practical speaking and listening skills, leading to its rejection by later methods.
39. "To know everything about something rather than the thing itself." This statement is most appropriate for ...........
Answer: b. grammar translation method
Explanation: GTM focuses on extensive knowledge about grammar and structure, rather than practical language use, aligning with the sentiment expressed in this statement.
40. Which of the following is NOT included in the most typical grammar translation method textbooks?
Answer: d. Communicative drills
Explanation: GTM textbooks emphasize grammar rules, vocabulary lists, and translation exercises, with little or no inclusion of communicative activities or drills.
41. Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of GTM?
Answer: d. Communication as the goal of language instruction
Explanation: GTM does not prioritize communicative competence; instead, it focuses on grammar, vocabulary, and translation, often at the expense of practical language use.
42. In the history of language teaching, the first method used was ...........
Answer: c. grammar-translation method
Explanation: GTM was the earliest formalized method for teaching foreign languages, rooted in techniques for teaching Latin and Greek.
43. The popularity of grammar translation method waned because ...........
Answer: d. it did virtually nothing to enhance student's verbal ability
Explanation: GTM’s focus on grammar and translation failed to develop students’ speaking and listening skills, leading to its decline as newer, communication-focused methods emerged.
44. "I usually give the students a list of new words. They have to know the meaning of these words to understand the text I will teach next day. When I teach the text, I usually analyze sentences and explain some structural points." This teacher is following the principles of ...........
Answer: c. GTM
Explanation: This approach reflects GTM’s emphasis on vocabulary lists, translation, and sentence analysis, rather than interactive or communicative teaching.
45. All of the following are among the objectives of GTM except ...........
Answer: d. enabling the students to communicate verbally in the target language
Explanation: GTM focuses on reading and grammar rather than developing verbal communication skills.
46. Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of GTM?
Answer: b. Fluency in the target language is emphasized.
Explanation: GTM prioritizes grammar and translation over fluency, making fluency development inconsistent with its goals.
47. The origin of the Grammar-Translation Method can be traced back to ...........
Answer: c. the teaching of Latin and Greek
Explanation: GTM originated from the methodologies used for teaching classical languages like Latin and Greek, focusing on grammar and translation.
48. Which of the following is NOT a criticism directed at GTM?
Answer: a. It does not teach literature effectively.
Explanation: While GTM has been criticized for its lack of focus on communication, it is widely acknowledged for its effectiveness in teaching literature.
49. Which of the following would most likely be an activity in a GTM classroom?
Answer: c. Translating a paragraph from L2 to L1
Explanation: Translation exercises from the target language (L2) to the native language (L1) are a cornerstone of GTM classrooms.
50. According to GTM, which of the following is NOT emphasized?
Answer: d. Pronunciation practice
Explanation: GTM does not emphasize pronunciation or oral skills, focusing instead on written language, grammar, and translation.
51. A teacher asks the students to memorize a list of vocabulary words and their meanings in L1. This activity is most aligned with the principles of ...........
Answer: c. GTM
Explanation: Memorization of vocabulary with direct translations to L1 is a key feature of the Grammar-Translation Method.
52. The GTM is often contrasted with methods that prioritize ...........
Answer: b. communicative competence
Explanation: GTM’s focus on grammar and translation contrasts sharply with methods emphasizing real-life communication skills.
53. Which of the following instructional strategies would be LEAST likely in a GTM classroom?
Answer: a. Role-playing dialogues in the target language
Explanation: Role-playing and interactive activities are not typical in GTM, as it emphasizes grammar and written translation over spoken language practice.
54. In GTM, vocabulary and grammar are taught ...........
Answer: b. explicitly
Explanation: Vocabulary and grammar rules are explicitly taught, with little reliance on context or discovery-based learning.
55. Which of the following best describes the language used in a GTM classroom?
Answer: d. The students' L1
Explanation: GTM heavily relies on the students’ native language (L1) for explanations, instruction, and translation exercises.
56. Which of the following BEST characterizes GTM’s view of grammar?
Answer: a. Grammar is a set of prescriptive rules that students must learn.
Explanation: GTM treats grammar as a rigid set of rules to be memorized and applied during translation exercises.
57. Which of the following techniques is LEAST compatible with GTM?
Answer: b. Contextualized grammar instruction in L2
Explanation: GTM focuses on decontextualized, explicit grammar instruction rather than contextualized teaching in the target language.
58. In GTM, success is measured primarily by ...........
Answer: c. accuracy in translation and grammar exercises
Explanation: GTM evaluates success based on students’ ability to translate accurately and apply grammatical rules correctly.
59. Which of the following statements BEST reflects a criticism of GTM?
Answer: d. It fails to address the communicative needs of learners.
Explanation: GTM is widely criticized for neglecting communicative skills, which are essential for real-world language use.
60. The Grammar-Translation Method is often described as teacher-centered because ...........
Answer: a. the teacher directs all aspects of the lesson, and students play a passive role
Explanation: GTM is teacher-centered, with the teacher explaining rules and guiding translation exercises, while students passively receive information.
61. The Grammar-Translation Method relies heavily on ...........
Answer: c. memorization
Explanation: Memorization of vocabulary, grammatical rules, and translations is a core principle of GTM, focusing on rote learning rather than active use.
62. In GTM, grammar is taught through ...........
Answer: a. deductive methods
Explanation: GTM uses deductive reasoning, where students are first taught grammar rules explicitly and then apply them to specific examples.
63. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of GTM?
Answer: d. Focusing on speaking and listening
Explanation: GTM primarily emphasizes reading, writing, grammar, and translation, neglecting oral communication skills.
64. Which of the following would be considered a typical activity in a GTM classroom?
Answer: c. Translating sentences between L1 and L2
Explanation: Translation exercises are a hallmark of GTM, requiring students to apply grammar rules and vocabulary knowledge.
65. The role of the teacher in a GTM classroom can be described as ...........
Answer: a. authoritative and directive
Explanation: In GTM, the teacher plays a central, authoritative role, explaining rules and directing learning with minimal student autonomy.
66. A student in a GTM class is likely to spend most of their time ...........
Answer: b. practicing translation and grammar exercises
Explanation: Students in GTM classes focus on written grammar drills and translation tasks, rather than interactive or communicative activities.
67. Which of the following is a major criticism of GTM?
Answer: c. It does not prepare students for real-life communication
Explanation: GTM is often criticized for its lack of focus on communicative competence, as it prioritizes grammar and translation over practical language use.
68. The Grammar-Translation Method emphasizes ...........
Answer: d. linguistic accuracy
Explanation: GTM values accuracy in grammar and translation, often at the expense of fluency and communicative ability.