Natural Approach

1. The "i+1 input hypothesis" belongs:
   Answer: b. Krashen's monitor model
   Explanation: The "i+1 input hypothesis" is a key part of Krashen's Monitor Model, proposing that learners acquire language best when they are exposed to input slightly beyond their current level of competence.
2. "Monitor Model" is the one:
   Answer: c. Krashen
   Explanation: The Monitor Model was developed by Stephen Krashen and is central to his theories about second language acquisition.
3. Some scholars claim that comprehensible:
   Answer: c. optimal
   Explanation: According to Krashen, comprehensible input must be engaging and adequately provided to create optimal conditions for language acquisition.
4. According to Krashen, .......... appears:
   Answer: d. acquisition
   Explanation: Krashen differentiates between "acquisition" (a subconscious process) and "learning" (a conscious process) and emphasizes acquisition as crucial for L2 performance.
5. According to Krashen in his:
   Answer: b. facilitated
   Explanation: The affective filter hypothesis suggests that a low affective filter (low anxiety) facilitates language acquisition, allowing learners to absorb input more effectively.

6. Krashen in his Monitor model:
   Answer: d. useful because it facilitates communication
   Explanation: Krashen believes conscious grammatical knowledge helps in editing and polishing speech but is not necessary for spontaneous language production.
7. In the monitor hypothesis, three conditions:
   Answer: a. both form and content, knowledge of rules
   Explanation: The successful use of the monitor requires time, focus on form, and knowledge of the rules.
8. The Natural Approach is based:
   Answer: c. learning
   Explanation: The Natural Approach emphasizes learning theories related to language acquisition, focusing on naturalistic input and reducing anxiety.
9. According to the Natural Approach, learners:
   Answer: d. affective filter
   Explanation: Krashen's affective filter hypothesis posits that learners' emotional states can act as a filter, allowing or blocking language acquisition.
10. Affective filter refers to ..........
    Answer: b. learners’ emotional state
    Explanation: Affective filter describes emotional factors like motivation and anxiety that influence language acquisition.
11. "The best way to teach:
    Answer: b. Natural Approach
    Explanation: This principle aligns with the Natural Approach, which emphasizes listening and comprehensible input over forced production.
12. The monitor theory is the:
    Answer: b. natural approach
    Explanation: The Natural Approach is founded on Krashen's monitor theory, focusing on acquisition through meaningful input.
13. “Considering many of the claims:
    Answer: d. the natural approach
    Explanation: The statement supports principles of the Natural Approach, including a relaxed atmosphere and emphasis on acquisition over analysis.
14. Which one of the following:
    Answer: d. The goals are communicative.
    Explanation: While the Natural Approach emphasizes comprehension, its goals align with communication rather than strict grammatical focus.
15. 'I believe that the delay:
    Answer: c. The Natural Approach
    Explanation: The criticism addresses the Natural Approach’s tendency to delay production, which some argue may hinder practice.
16. According to the Natural Approach learners:
    Answer: a. generate utterances
    Explanation: Krashen notes learners use their monitor to produce utterances consciously, though acquisition remains the main driver.
17. Natural Approach places emphasis on:
    Answer: a. comprehension
    Explanation: Comprehension is prioritized, with input tailored to be meaningful and understandable to learners.
18. The basic characteristic of the:
    Answer: b. minimize learner anxiety
    Explanation: Activities in the Natural Approach are designed to lower anxiety, creating a positive environment for acquisition.
19. It is NOT true that:
    Answer: c. tendency to raise the affective filter
    Explanation: The Natural Approach aims to lower the affective filter, making input more accessible for learners.
20. Krashen's affective filter ..........
    Answer: c. reduces the amount of input when it is raised
    Explanation: A high affective filter prevents input from being effectively processed, hindering acquisition.
21. It is often stated that:
    Answer: b. is almost impossible to be empirically tested
    Explanation: Critics argue that the Input Hypothesis lacks clear empirical validation due to its abstract nature.
22. With respect to the theory:
    Answer: c. grammar is not viewed as the central component of language
    Explanation: The Natural Approach emphasizes meaning and communication over explicit grammar instruction.
23. All of the following are strongly:
    Answer: b. self-monitoring has a strong role in the process of learning
    Explanation: Krashen’s Input Hypothesis does not emphasize self-monitoring as central to language acquisition.
24. Among the following features, the:
    Answer: c. using TPR activities at beginning levels
    Explanation: The Natural Approach employs Total Physical Response (TPR) to support initial comprehension and acquisition.
25. At the level of practice:
    Answer: c. adopts a wide range of comprehensible-input activities
    Explanation: The Natural Approach incorporates diverse activities designed to provide comprehensible input.
26. According to Krashen’s monitor hypothesis:
    Answer: a. individuals acquire language by understanding language that is slightly above their current level of competence
    Explanation: The hypothesis highlights the importance of comprehensible input (i+1) for language acquisition.
27. The correlation between the amount:
    Answer: b. negative
    Explanation: A high affective filter negatively correlates with the effectiveness of comprehensible input.
28. Language content is of primary:
    Answer: c. the Natural Approach
    Explanation: In the Natural Approach, meaningful language content is emphasized over isolated grammar drills.
29. Which of the following approaches:
    Answer: a. Natural approach
    Explanation: The Natural Approach aligns closely with Krashen's Monitor Model principles.
30. The single most important cognitive:
    Answer: c. background knowledge
    Explanation: Background knowledge aids comprehension and facilitates learning in the Natural Approach.
31. Which of the following hypotheses:
    Answer: a. Innateness
    Explanation: The "Monitor Model" includes hypotheses about acquisition, input, and learning, but not innate grammar mechanisms.
32. The input hypothesis basically:
    Answer: c. learners understand the language that is slightly above present level of competence
    Explanation: The Input Hypothesis (i+1) explains how learners process input that builds upon existing knowledge.
33. To which of the following:
    Answer: a. Krashen's Monitor Model
    Explanation: The Natural Approach is founded on Krashen’s theories, especially the Monitor Model.
34. The major function of the:
    Answer: a. control
    Explanation: The affective filter controls whether input is processed effectively based on emotional states.
35. In the ‘natural approach’ teachers:
    Answer: b. meaning
    Explanation: Teachers focus on creating meaning, which is central to successful acquisition.
36. The central problem Krashen sees:
    Answer: d. acquire structure in a predictable order
    Explanation: Acquisition, rather than learning, leads to mastery of structures in a natural order.
37. Krashen’s ‘input hypothesis’ deals:
    Answer: a. competence
    Explanation: The hypothesis addresses how comprehensible input develops linguistic competence.
38. "The acquisition of grammatical structures:
    Answer: b. natural order
    Explanation: The Natural Order Hypothesis suggests structures are acquired in a predictable sequence.
39. Krashen's input hypothesis deals:
    Answer: d. how individuals may acquire a second language
    Explanation: The hypothesis emphasizes acquisition through exposure to comprehensible input.
40. The monitor model was:
    Answer: d. Krashen
    Explanation: Krashen introduced the Monitor Model, outlining the role of acquisition and learning in L2 development.

41. The principles underlying the "Natural

• Answer: d. Krashen's monitor model
• Explanation: The Natural Approach, developed by Terrell and influenced by Krashen, is based on his Monitor Model, which emphasizes the importance of comprehensible input in language acquisition.

42. The principles underlying the ........

• Answer: c. natural method
• Explanation: The Natural Method supports the principles of naturalistic language acquisition, similar to how children learn their first language through exposure and context without explicit grammar teaching.

43. The type of input characterized

• Answer: a. foreigner talk
• Explanation: Foreigner talk simplifies grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation to make language more accessible to non-native speakers, facilitating comprehension.

44. The proponents of the ..........

• Answer: c. direct
• Explanation: The Direct Method avoids textbooks and grammar rules, focusing on listening and speaking to mimic natural language acquisition.

45. Krashen has hypothesized that learners

• Answer: a. affective filter
• Explanation: The Affective Filter Hypothesis suggests that emotional factors like anxiety can block language input, reducing acquisition efficiency.

46. The .......... hypothesis deals with

• Answer: a. monitor
• Explanation: The Monitor Hypothesis describes the role of conscious knowledge in correcting language output, emphasizing fluency over correctness.

47. The natural approach is closely

• Answer: b. Krashen's monitor model
• Explanation: The Natural Approach relies heavily on Krashen's theories, including the need for comprehensible input and minimal explicit grammar instruction.

48. The natural approach is associated

• Answer: a. Krashen's monitor model
• Explanation: Krashen's Monitor Model serves as the theoretical foundation of the Natural Approach, emphasizing understanding over production.

49. There are different types of

• Answer: d. overusers, underusers and optimal users
• Explanation: According to Krashen, monitor users vary in their reliance on conscious rules, with optimal users balancing fluency and correctness.

50. "We acquire the rules of

• Answer: c. natural order
• Explanation: The Natural Order Hypothesis posits that grammatical structures are acquired in a predictable sequence, independent of explicit instruction.

51. Which of the following is

• Answer: d. knowledge of the situation
• Explanation: Monitor use depends on time, focus on form, and rule knowledge, but situational knowledge is not a condition.

52. Krashen hypothesizes that both first

• Answer: a. natural order
• Explanation: The Natural Order Hypothesis applies to both first and second language acquisition, predicting the sequence of grammar learning.

53. Which of the following does

• Answer: d. Methodological differences
• Explanation: The Input Hypothesis emphasizes the importance of comprehensible input, unaffected by teaching methods.

54. According to input hypothesis, comprehensible

• Answer: b. not deliberately program grammar
• Explanation: The Input Hypothesis claims that exposure to comprehensible input provides necessary grammar implicitly.

55. .......... is a term coined

• Answer: a. Monitor
• Explanation: Krashen's term "Monitor" refers to conscious error-checking of spoken or written output.

56. Which of the following is

• Answer: b. If input is understood and there is enough of it, the necessary grammar is automatically provided.
• Explanation: The comprehensible input hypothesis asserts that understanding input leads to grammar acquisition without explicit instruction.

57. The Natural Method is synonymous

• Answer: a. Natural Approach
• Explanation: Both terms highlight a focus on naturalistic language learning through exposure and comprehension.

58. The Natural Approach was devised

• Answer: a. Tracy Terrell
• Explanation: Tracy Terrell developed the Natural Approach, incorporating Krashen's theories into practical language teaching.

59. There is an emphasis on

• Answer: c. central role / comprehension
• Explanation: The Natural Approach prioritizes comprehension over production, emphasizing listening and understanding.

60. Terrell bases his method

• Answer: c. language acquisition
• Explanation: Terrell's Natural Approach draws on theories of language acquisition, particularly Krashen's input hypothesis.

61. The Natural Approach is based

• Answer: a. Krashen's Comprehensible input
• Explanation: The approach depends on delivering comprehensible input to facilitate language acquisition naturally.

62. The Natural Approach is an

• Answer: d. Comprehension Approach
• Explanation: The Natural Approach emphasizes understanding over speaking, making it part of the Comprehension Approach.

63. Conscious learning can function

• Answer: a. checks and repairs the output
• Explanation: Conscious learning serves as a "monitor," used to correct errors in language production.

64. Krashen sees the learner's emotional

• Answer: a. adjustable filter
• Explanation: The Affective Filter can block or permit input based on emotional states like anxiety or motivation.

65. In the pre-production stage,

• Answer: a. participate in the language activity without having to respond
• Explanation: The silent period in the pre-production stage allows learners to absorb input without pressure to speak.

66. The Natural Approach teacher is

• Answer: b. comprehensible input in the target language
• Explanation: Teachers in the Natural Approach focus on providing input that is understandable to learners.

67. The Natural Approach materials promote

• Answer: d. comprehension and communication
• Explanation: Materials support comprehension and communication to foster natural language acquisition.

68. The Natural Approach syllabus is

• Answer: a. situations and topics
• Explanation: The syllabus is topic-based to provide meaningful contexts for language use.

69. According to the Natural Order

• Answer: a. proceeds in a predictable order
• Explanation: Grammar is acquired in a fixed order, reflecting the Natural Order Hypothesis.

70. Coordinate and compound bilingualism

• Answer: a. the nature of meaning systems
• Explanation: The distinction lies in how meaning systems are stored and used by bilingual individuals.